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First, I'll introduce myself.
My name is Inmaculada Herrera,

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for those who don't know me.

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I will talk a little bit
about my career.

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I was a student of Marine Sciences,
here at the ULPGC,

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and in third year, I was interested
in Biological Oceanography,

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so I decided

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to ask professors,
among them Santiago,

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to work and learn
about what they were doing in the lab.

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There, as a student,

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I worked with plankton, with OPC,

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a particle counter.

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Also, they offered me to continue
and do a second-cycle thesis,

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both with Santiago
and Antonio Barrera,

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who works in Taliarte, at the ICCM.

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I found out that I liked it
and wanted to continue researching.

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When I finished my degree,

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I decided to continue
with the PhD in Oceanography,

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and this is where I am now.

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Brief, but clear, right?

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So I encourage those of you,
who are in the degree....

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What year are you in?
Have you already finished?

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-First year.
-First year?

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Well, I encourage you,
if you really like it,

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to dare to talk to professors,

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and try to volunteer to learn

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the different lines that are there.

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Whether in Biological Oceanography
or General Chemistry or another area.

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At the end of the talk,

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I'll explain what career
opportunities there are for research,

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and especially
I will focus on the grants.

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Okay, so we'll move on
to the.... Okay.

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Well, this is part of my PhD thesis.

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There is a first part
of laboratory experiments,

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and another part of how to take
the results found in the laboratory

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to samples collected in the natural
environment, in the sea.

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Good.

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I'm going to present a study
on the effect of temperature,

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and food concentration
on the growth of copepods.

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In this case,
we have used the species...

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It isn't very clear.

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The species Paracartia grani,
described by Sars in 1904.

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It's a species
very characteristic of coastal areas,

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conditioned by factors
such as temperature

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and biological factors such as food.

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It is found, according
to literature, in the Atlantic,

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in Canary waters, as well
as on the Portuguese coasts,

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and also in the western part
of the Mediterranean.

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This species,
with the family Acartiidae,

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is one of the most common
in coastal areas,

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and can be found all over the world.

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In addition, copepods

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are the most abundant organisms
of the zooplankton,

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and an important component of the diet

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of many planktonic species.

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Therefore, our objectives have been

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to see the effect of temperature
and food concentration

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on the growth of this species,

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and to see the relationship

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between a direct method,
somatic growth,

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and an indirect one with the enzyme
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase,

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which I will explain later.

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To do that, I had the possibility
of staying twice in Barcelona,

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and thanks
to the zooplankton group of the ICM,

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and their cultures
of Paracartia grani,

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Oxyrrhis marina,
and Rhodomonas baltica,

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I was able to carry out
this type of experiments.

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Every 24h, we collected

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Paracartia grani eggs,

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and preserve them
until their later use

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for the experiments.

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We performed different experiments
at different temperatures.

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In a chamber at 20ºC,

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we put six baths
at different temperatures,

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the ideal ones for us,

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since being a species
that is found around the world,

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it can vary between different
orders of magnitude,

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and we saw that...

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We added a tank
with 10l of filtered seawater,

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and introduced,
when it was well tempered,

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a quantity of eggs.

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We waited between 16
and 24h until they hatched,

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obtaining an abundance
of two nauplii per ml.

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These experiments were fed
in saturation with Oxyrrhis marina.

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On the other hand, we have experiments
at different food concentrations.

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We put seven baths,

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at the temperature of the chamber
itself, 20ºC. We didn't change it.

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We put the eggs

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in 10l of filtered seawater,

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with two nauplii per ml,
as in the previous ones,

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with a food concentration

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between 0 μg of carbon per litre

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up to 880 μg of carbon per litre.

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Good.

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The food concentration

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of Oxyrrhis marina
and Rhodomonas baltica

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were measured by a particle counter

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every 12 or 24h,
depending on the experiment.

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Also, we took three 100 ml
replicates of nauplii cultures,

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They were fixed with Lugol,

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and we measured length, and abundance.

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Using an inverted microscope
with a built-in camera,

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we took photos
corresponding to each individual,

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and with the software ImageJ,
we got the length of the prosome.

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Once the prosome length was obtained,

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using the Durbin and Durbin equation

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of 1978 for Acartia clausi,

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we obtained the dry weight.

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Once we got it,
we converted it to carbon

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with the 0.40 ratio
by Postel et al. in 2000.

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In turn, we also obtained
the temperature quotient Q10.

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Good.

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You may be wondering
why this enzyme, why not another

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and what is this.

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The enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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catalyzes the first step
of protein synthesis, aminoacylation.

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Hence, its interest,
and relationship with growth.

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This has been used
previously in other species,

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both in fish and bacteria, etc.,
but with radioactive isotopes.

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What we have used

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is Chang's method of 1984,

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modified by Yebra
and Hernández-León in 2004,

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which does not use
radioactive isotopes,

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and it is an easy,
simple, colorimetric method,

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where we only need
a spectrophotometer in the laboratory.

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This enzyme releases pyrophosphate,

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and we used a pyrophosphate reagent,

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and we measured
the release by NADH oscillation.

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This is reflected as a decrease

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in absorbance at 340 nm wavelength,

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ultraviolet in the spectrophotometer.

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Good.

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From each experiment,

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we took three aliquots
of 1000 individuals, 1000 nauplii,

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placed them in liquid nitrogen,
and stopped the activity immediately.

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We homogenized
those samples with buffer,

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and then centrifuged them at 5000 rpm

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for 10 min at 0ºC.

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Once the sample was centrifuged,

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we took 250 μL of the supernatant,

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plus 250 μL of the pyrophosphate,
of the reagent,

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plus 300 μL of MilliQ water.

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With this mixture, we put it
in the spectrophotometer,

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and read the absorbance
at a temperature of 25°C for 10 min.

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To obtain the pyrophosphate release

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by NADH oxidation,
we use the following equation

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given by Yebra et al. in 2004.

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To correct the temperature,
a fundamental factor,

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because it affects
metabolic activities,

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we use the equation given
by Yebra and co-workers in 2005,

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and with an activation energy
of 8.57 kcal per mole.

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This way, we obtain
the in situ activation energy.

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Sorry, the in situ
activity of the enzymes.

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But we were looking
for the specific enzyme activity.

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So, we also calculate
the protein content of the samples.

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We use the Lowry method,
modified by Rutter in 1967.

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We take from the same sample

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of the enzymatic activity
200 μl of the supernatant.

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We add 1000 μl of Rutter,

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wait 10 minutes,

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and then, after this time,
we add 100 μl of FOLIN,

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wait 40 minutes in darkness,

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and proceed to read
in the spectrophotometer.

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As standard,
we used Bovin Serum Albumin

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from 5 to 500 µg proteins per ml.

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Good. Having done all this,
we move on to the results.

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Here is the weight in nanograms
of carbon versus days,

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and we see a positive linearity
in the different experiments.

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The slope of each experiment

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is the growth rate,

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which ranges
from 0.28 to 0.85 per day.

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This means that each individual

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is capable of or has
a growth rate of 28% to 85%

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of their daily body mass.

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Well, obtained this,

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we represented the growth rate
versus temperature,

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as well as the specific activities

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versus temperature and per individual,

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which we also did.

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And we see that
they have a good correlation

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both parameters.

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A high correlation
of 0.98 for somatic growth,

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0.94 for specific activity,

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and 0.85 for activity per individual.

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And when we compare,

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which is one of the objectives
also mentioned,

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growth versus specific activity,

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specific enzyme activity,

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we find a good correlation
between both parameters.

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Together with the results found

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by Yebra et al. in 2005
for Calanus helgolandicus,

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and Yebra et al. in 2006
for Calanus finmarchicus,

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we can say
that the enzyme activity really

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is a good index,
a good profit of growth

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for Paracartia grani,
when feeding in saturation.

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Okay, now we turn to the results

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of the experiments
with different food concentrations.

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Again, we plot the weight,
in ng of carbon, versus time,

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and find a positive linearity,

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ranging from -0.01 to 0.68.

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When plotting growth
versus food concentrations,

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it meets the requirements
of a saturation curve,

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that is, it fits an Ivlev curve.

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We see that a poor feeding

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has a lower growth
than with higher food concentration.

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But something that surprises us
is how the specific activity

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does not follow the same behaviour.

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00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:58,088
The lower the growth,

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the higher the enzyme activity.

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00:14:03,013 --> 00:14:04,750
We will explain this later.

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00:14:05,128 --> 00:14:10,053
When we plot growth versus AARS,
it appears negative.

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00:14:10,231 --> 00:14:16,746
We expected it to give a positive
and significant relationship

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00:14:17,020 --> 00:14:20,177
as in the individual
specific activity.

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00:14:20,515 --> 00:14:22,000
What happens here?

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00:14:22,417 --> 00:14:27,813
If we look closely, when we compare
the specific enzyme activity

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00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:30,595
versus biomass per individual,

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00:14:30,844 --> 00:14:33,297
we see that it presents

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00:14:37,288 --> 00:14:41,075
three different relationships.

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00:14:42,471 --> 00:14:46,488
The green circles represent
high food concentrations;

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00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:49,093
the triangles, medium saturations;

220
00:14:49,620 --> 00:14:55,893
and the white circles,
food starvation.

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00:14:56,320 --> 00:15:02,008
That is, they did not have enough
food to feed themselves.

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00:15:03,182 --> 00:15:08,391
When we look at the daily growth
versus the specific activity,

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00:15:08,950 --> 00:15:12,168
we see that, when they are starving,

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00:15:14,570 --> 00:15:16,764
what they really have....

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00:15:18,871 --> 00:15:21,324
It's like when we start a diet.

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00:15:21,610 --> 00:15:24,791
They use their own lipid
reserves to grow.

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00:15:25,022 --> 00:15:28,755
So protein degradation
is greater than synthesis.

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00:15:29,022 --> 00:15:33,840
And when they are in food
saturation, they grow happily.

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00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:38,462
There is a better relationship

230
00:15:38,620 --> 00:15:41,155
between growth and enzyme activity.

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00:15:42,995 --> 00:15:45,448
Well, now to conclude,

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00:15:46,320 --> 00:15:51,191
I would like to comment
that the growth and enzyme activity

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00:15:51,330 --> 00:15:54,151
of Paracartia grani nauplii depend

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00:15:54,328 --> 00:15:57,182
on temperature and food concentration,

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00:15:57,822 --> 00:16:01,555
and, furthermore,
the enzymatic activity

236
00:16:02,817 --> 00:16:06,222
is a valid index to use it

237
00:16:06,480 --> 00:16:09,991
as somatic growth for this species

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00:16:10,220 --> 00:16:15,991
when feeding
under saturated conditions.

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00:16:16,737 --> 00:16:19,351
In addition,
the results presented here,

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00:16:19,528 --> 00:16:21,180
plus the previous results,

241
00:16:21,395 --> 00:16:24,488
mean that it is a good tool
for estimating

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00:16:24,648 --> 00:16:27,111
somatic growth in copepods.

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00:16:29,010 --> 00:16:32,364
I would like to thank
the different institutions,

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00:16:32,515 --> 00:16:35,271
that have helped me
with these experiments

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00:16:35,466 --> 00:16:38,186
and to carry out my PhD thesis.

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00:16:38,840 --> 00:16:42,560
Thanks to all of you,
to Avelina, to the whole group.

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00:16:43,080 --> 00:16:48,488
Finally, I wrote my email
in case you want to contact me.

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00:16:48,631 --> 00:16:51,430
So you can have it,
as it'll be published.

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00:16:51,635 --> 00:16:55,191
And I am ready to listen
to any questions you may have.

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00:17:02,910 --> 00:17:04,133
I have a question.

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00:17:04,328 --> 00:17:06,890
Could you put the last graph?

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00:17:09,102 --> 00:17:10,488
-This one?
-Yes.

253
00:17:10,702 --> 00:17:12,480
On this left one,

254
00:17:13,262 --> 00:17:15,893
for those with food saturation…?

255
00:17:16,204 --> 00:17:18,311
On the left, on the other side.

256
00:17:18,524 --> 00:17:20,610
They don't follow a pattern, why?

257
00:17:20,755 --> 00:17:24,808
Because those in starvation
are grouped together,

258
00:17:25,022 --> 00:17:30,284
those in intermediate levels too,
but the others are scattered.

259
00:17:30,515 --> 00:17:31,804
Why?

260
00:17:32,106 --> 00:17:33,800
You mean they're over here?

261
00:17:33,930 --> 00:17:35,511
Yes, they are dispersed.

262
00:17:35,620 --> 00:17:40,524
It is because the starving ones
do not have time to molt.

263
00:17:40,750 --> 00:17:43,342
We only have previous stages, that is,

264
00:17:43,680 --> 00:17:46,177
the nauplii reach up to 6 stages,

265
00:17:46,337 --> 00:17:48,370
until they reach copepodite.

266
00:17:48,533 --> 00:17:52,088
So, this is by individual biomass.

267
00:17:52,350 --> 00:17:55,306
They don't reach different stages,

268
00:17:55,520 --> 00:17:59,244
they don't molt,
and don't pass to the next stage.

269
00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,475
Whereas, the others,
from the beginning they start to molt.

270
00:18:03,715 --> 00:18:07,973
So, they grow,
they go from stage to stage.

271
00:18:08,151 --> 00:18:11,768
So, we see different stages of growth?

272
00:18:11,955 --> 00:18:15,857
It is because of a higher
biomass, which is related

273
00:18:17,190 --> 00:18:19,502
to the stage of each individual.

274
00:18:19,690 --> 00:18:22,515
Doesn't growth depend
on the amount of food?

275
00:18:23,390 --> 00:18:27,697
Growth depends
on the present amount of food.

276
00:18:28,026 --> 00:18:33,191
If you do not have enough food,

277
00:18:33,342 --> 00:18:38,471
your growth will be less
than with more food.

278
00:18:38,711 --> 00:18:42,000
Yes, when they're grouped
in different experiments,

279
00:18:42,213 --> 00:18:44,613
but when they're at saturated levels,

280
00:18:44,924 --> 00:18:48,000
I don't know,
maybe it's an interpretation…

281
00:18:48,222 --> 00:18:52,810
But they grow independently
of the concentration.

282
00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:56,293
You say that low feed levels

283
00:18:56,460 --> 00:18:58,542
don't allow them to keep growing.

284
00:18:58,990 --> 00:19:01,991
That's why they stagnate
in protein levels.

285
00:19:02,740 --> 00:19:04,906
But when they have a lot of food,

286
00:19:05,120 --> 00:19:08,142
they have many different
protein levels.

287
00:19:08,960 --> 00:19:11,653
They have many protein levels,

288
00:19:11,990 --> 00:19:15,368
because there is a stage 1
with a certain length,

289
00:19:15,510 --> 00:19:17,715
so they have certain protein level.

290
00:19:17,893 --> 00:19:21,730
A stage 2 with a certain length
has a certain protein level,

291
00:19:21,911 --> 00:19:26,871
and so on, always in crescendo,
going up and up.

292
00:19:28,730 --> 00:19:31,413
But the individuals were...?

293
00:19:32,140 --> 00:19:36,044
Were they all grown at the same time,
at the same moment?

294
00:19:36,231 --> 00:19:38,800
The experiments started
on the same day.

295
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,484
Is this graph of all of them

296
00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:46,248
in the same conditions, the same days?

297
00:19:47,780 --> 00:19:51,208
In this graph,
we see the different treatments.

298
00:19:51,546 --> 00:19:54,844
Here, in these saturation ones,
we are putting in…

299
00:19:55,093 --> 00:20:01,057
In the starvation ones,
we're putting in 0 to 11 µg of carbon.

300
00:20:02,746 --> 00:20:08,622
In the intermediate levels
from 55 to 200 µg of carbon.

301
00:20:08,915 --> 00:20:11,770
In the higher ones,
we have the successive.

302
00:20:11,928 --> 00:20:13,084
Yes, that's right.

303
00:20:13,253 --> 00:20:15,102
I don't know what you mean.

304
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:19,591
My question is whether
the organisms you measure,

305
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:21,644
the enzyme activity, etc.,

306
00:20:22,186 --> 00:20:25,840
whether they all were
in the same time period.

307
00:20:26,017 --> 00:20:30,266
Yes, all the experiments
were done in the same time period.

308
00:20:30,580 --> 00:20:34,284
Both the ones that have low protein,

309
00:20:35,230 --> 00:20:38,311
low body mass level,

310
00:20:38,613 --> 00:20:40,862
with respect to the others not....

311
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:44,417
I mean, are they grown
under the same conditions?

312
00:20:45,050 --> 00:20:49,208
They are cultured in the same
conditions, but you mean...

313
00:20:49,370 --> 00:20:52,204
All the experiments started on day 0.

314
00:20:52,533 --> 00:20:54,880
They are placed in different tanks.

315
00:20:55,102 --> 00:20:59,620
So, first tank, 0 cells, has no food.

316
00:20:59,990 --> 00:21:04,142
The last tank has the maximum:
880 µg of carbon per litre.

317
00:21:04,648 --> 00:21:06,951
4000 cells to give you an idea.

318
00:21:07,490 --> 00:21:11,244
They started on day 0.
Every 24h samples were collected

319
00:21:11,410 --> 00:21:14,177
and taken from each experiment.

320
00:21:15,190 --> 00:21:19,760
If we consider that, individually,
each one is a different experiment.

321
00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:23,600
We took samples from each one.
Three replicates.

322
00:21:24,200 --> 00:21:29,244
And during the time, 6 to 10 days,

323
00:21:30,142 --> 00:21:32,426
we saw the daily growth.

324
00:21:32,870 --> 00:21:34,711
Okay, so this graph

325
00:21:34,924 --> 00:21:37,810
is from 6 to 10 days?

326
00:21:38,115 --> 00:21:39,890
From 0 to 10 days.

327
00:21:40,310 --> 00:21:41,608
Ah, okay.

328
00:21:42,124 --> 00:21:43,430
Up to the maximum.

329
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:45,582
Maybe it would finish sooner,

330
00:21:45,710 --> 00:21:48,275
because they reach the maximum growth.

331
00:21:48,580 --> 00:21:50,888
The copepodites didn't interest us.

332
00:21:51,350 --> 00:21:55,262
And, for example,
the three dots there,

333
00:21:55,431 --> 00:21:57,617
at the saturation level,

334
00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:00,720
with the lowest level of body mass.

335
00:22:00,977 --> 00:22:03,004
Those would correspond to the...

336
00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:05,404
Let's see, where are we?

337
00:22:06,604 --> 00:22:07,786
No.

338
00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:09,857
With respect to the others...

339
00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:14,275
But what I have here is
an average of all my values.

340
00:22:14,711 --> 00:22:18,177
I have my average
with its certain deviations and all.

341
00:22:18,364 --> 00:22:20,186
It's a 10-day average.

342
00:22:20,977 --> 00:22:23,048
It's never a time variation.

343
00:22:23,690 --> 00:22:28,808
You can see the enzyme;
you can see it over time,

344
00:22:30,826 --> 00:22:34,888
how it increases, and the relationship
as we have seen before.

345
00:22:35,244 --> 00:22:36,888
Here is the relationship.

346
00:22:37,030 --> 00:22:40,693
The relationship just for this,
that's why it's separate,

347
00:22:40,830 --> 00:22:42,995
because we saw when we plotted...

348
00:22:43,706 --> 00:22:48,435
Here are the 0 and 11 µg of carbon
per litre experiments.

349
00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:53,653
Here, the intermediates
from 55 to 111,

350
00:22:53,930 --> 00:22:58,604
and here, 220, 440,
and 880 µg of carbon per litre.

351
00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:06,826
So, we see that relationship.
There are 3 different relationships,

352
00:23:07,170 --> 00:23:09,493
and it's a little bit due to...

353
00:23:09,715 --> 00:23:15,706
Also looking at the individuals
that we fixed in Lugol,

354
00:23:16,070 --> 00:23:20,008
we can see the stage of each one,
and distinguish the stages.

355
00:23:20,355 --> 00:23:22,995
Do you know what I mean? No.

356
00:23:25,626 --> 00:23:33,004
To propose that these individuals
didn't reach stage 4, 5 or 6,

357
00:23:33,475 --> 00:23:37,226
we also relied
on our images fixed in Lugol,

358
00:23:37,813 --> 00:23:40,248
where we got the length.

359
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:45,440
There we saw that these individuals
were not growing,

360
00:23:45,626 --> 00:23:49,164
but they were in the same stage,

361
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:53,973
and they were even thinner
than the ones that were feeding.

362
00:23:54,373 --> 00:23:58,364
The others were like this,
and these were very skinny,

363
00:23:58,551 --> 00:24:02,690
and there was no growth.

364
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:05,564
They were trying to survive.

365
00:24:06,370 --> 00:24:10,115
I liken it to going on a heavy diet:

366
00:24:10,293 --> 00:24:12,497
you don't really eat anything,

367
00:24:12,620 --> 00:24:15,315
you feed on yourself,
and you waste away.

368
00:24:16,120 --> 00:24:20,302
I've already messed up and don't know
what I was going to answer.

369
00:24:23,850 --> 00:24:25,306
Do you see it or not?

370
00:24:25,653 --> 00:24:27,262
Yes? Okay.

371
00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:30,960
More or less.

372
00:24:32,995 --> 00:24:34,097
Good.

373
00:24:36,120 --> 00:24:37,857
Just a suggestion.

374
00:24:38,888 --> 00:24:43,662
It would be interesting to look
at reproduction as well, because...

375
00:24:44,080 --> 00:24:47,484
That's another part.
Looking at egg growth?

376
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:50,800
No, I mean this enzyme...

377
00:24:51,164 --> 00:24:53,000
It's just that we do...

378
00:24:53,410 --> 00:24:56,524
I'm interrupting you,
but we do it with nauplii,

379
00:24:56,930 --> 00:24:59,262
because we're interested in...

380
00:24:59,431 --> 00:25:02,506
It doesn't reach other phases...
Then, nothing.

381
00:25:03,511 --> 00:25:07,484
It's just that protein is produced
not only for growth,

382
00:25:07,671 --> 00:25:10,160
but it is invested in reproduction,

383
00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:13,262
and I thought there was
a variable missing.

384
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:17,137
No, it's the early stages,
the tedious ones.

385
00:25:17,893 --> 00:25:20,471
How did you remove the...?

386
00:25:21,850 --> 00:25:25,831
The Oxyrrhis must mark something.
How did you remove that...?

387
00:25:26,170 --> 00:25:28,195
We filtered the water.

388
00:25:28,408 --> 00:25:30,220
-Filtering the water?
-Yes.

389
00:25:32,210 --> 00:25:34,800
I've always had that doubt.

390
00:25:36,030 --> 00:25:38,204
What is in the digestive tract,

391
00:25:39,111 --> 00:25:41,300
I'm sure it does something, but...

392
00:25:41,528 --> 00:25:46,568
What can it influence?
If it marks proteins and activity.

393
00:25:47,180 --> 00:25:51,120
But that would be like the ETS.
We don't really consider that.

394
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:56,684
No, but it's something
we have to put up with.

395
00:25:58,017 --> 00:26:00,000
Maybe we should look at it.

396
00:26:00,328 --> 00:26:05,591
We leave it 24h before measuring
to make sure they have everything.

397
00:26:07,244 --> 00:26:08,990
They are already starving.

398
00:26:09,226 --> 00:26:13,490
Then you are actually
affecting their metabolism

399
00:26:13,688 --> 00:26:15,900
if you leave them 24h to defecate.

400
00:26:16,130 --> 00:26:19,395
24 or less to eliminate
the interactive ones.

401
00:26:19,617 --> 00:26:23,390
We were catching
every 24h, before we put the food in.

402
00:26:23,564 --> 00:26:28,853
So, they hardly had
any food in the bowl anymore.

403
00:26:29,230 --> 00:26:32,871
We would have to look
at defecation rates, etc.

404
00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,124
to know if they have
a full stomach or not.

405
00:26:36,850 --> 00:26:39,102
But we did not look at that.

406
00:26:39,306 --> 00:26:42,570
I've never know how to deal with that.

407
00:26:42,737 --> 00:26:44,500
I don't know if it affects.

408
00:26:44,826 --> 00:26:46,980
That would be for future studies.

409
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:56,088
The food concentration is expressed
in µg of carbon per litre.

410
00:26:56,300 --> 00:26:59,608
What kind of compound
does that µg refer to?

411
00:27:00,240 --> 00:27:03,377
It is a given ratio.
I know the cells I put in.

412
00:27:03,520 --> 00:27:06,400
It's already calculated in literature

413
00:27:06,660 --> 00:27:11,768
the amount that equals
certain amount of cells to carbon.

414
00:27:11,937 --> 00:27:14,782
-Do you add different plants?
-Yes

415
00:27:14,933 --> 00:27:16,248
Any specific one?

416
00:27:16,426 --> 00:27:17,991
This is Oxyrrhis marina.

417
00:27:21,770 --> 00:27:22,995
Well...

418
00:27:26,622 --> 00:27:29,866
Shall we move on to the video
or is there no time?

419
00:27:30,035 --> 00:27:31,182
There is time.

420
00:27:31,333 --> 00:27:33,060
Thanks for the questions.

421
00:27:36,106 --> 00:27:39,511
Now... Well, half of you
have already seen it, right?

422
00:27:43,786 --> 00:27:46,995
Well, Avelina will play a video.

423
00:27:47,715 --> 00:27:50,391
Like many or some of you,

424
00:27:50,520 --> 00:27:53,351
I have the grant
of the Canarian Government,

425
00:27:53,528 --> 00:27:57,920
which called me last year to talk

426
00:27:59,297 --> 00:28:01,960
about my goal applying for the grant,

427
00:28:02,284 --> 00:28:07,671
and I was in a video
that they put on TV in advertising

428
00:28:11,013 --> 00:28:12,888
to encourage people,

429
00:28:13,010 --> 00:28:16,720
because it explains
the base of the research grants.

430
00:28:17,315 --> 00:28:19,710
Especially the Canarian Government's.

431
00:28:33,111 --> 00:28:35,090
Training of research personnel.

432
00:28:35,422 --> 00:28:39,290
Promoting scientific research,
technological development,

433
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:42,290
and innovation
in all the areas of knowledge

434
00:28:42,551 --> 00:28:48,213
is the main objective of the ACIISI

435
00:28:48,337 --> 00:28:50,106
of the Canarian Government.

436
00:28:50,730 --> 00:28:53,280
Based on this,
it develops initiatives,

437
00:28:53,431 --> 00:28:57,182
aimed at promoting a business sector

438
00:28:57,342 --> 00:29:00,360
for the Canary Islands,
based on knowledge.

439
00:29:01,102 --> 00:29:05,671
One of the programs developed
since the beginning of the ACIISI,

440
00:29:05,831 --> 00:29:08,133
which had a new edition in 2010,

441
00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:11,457
is the training of research personnel.

442
00:29:11,626 --> 00:29:14,840
It consists of attracting
better professionals

443
00:29:15,022 --> 00:29:17,280
to train them at the highest level.

444
00:29:17,937 --> 00:29:21,720
It's very important,
because it responds to a priority line

445
00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:25,360
of the ACIISI

446
00:29:26,106 --> 00:29:28,750
to train new researchers.

447
00:29:28,924 --> 00:29:32,302
Young people
who will be the future for an economy

448
00:29:32,435 --> 00:29:34,231
based on knowledge.

449
00:29:34,488 --> 00:29:37,260
To achieving these objectives,

450
00:29:37,484 --> 00:29:39,777
a funding was developed

451
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:41,777
to promote training

452
00:29:41,910 --> 00:29:44,595
in scientific and technical research,

453
00:29:44,940 --> 00:29:48,808
with grants for PhD theses
in the Canary Islands,

454
00:29:48,933 --> 00:29:52,862
and for stays in national,
and international centres,

455
00:29:53,031 --> 00:29:56,400
that favour exchange,
and the Canarian presence

456
00:29:56,533 --> 00:29:58,770
in other research centres.

457
00:29:59,310 --> 00:30:03,315
This is a priority issue
for the Canary Islands Government,

458
00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:07,270
and many researchers,
or scholarship holders in principle,

459
00:30:07,420 --> 00:30:10,284
have two years of grant
and two of contract,

460
00:30:10,497 --> 00:30:15,644
and can be incorporated into projects
financed by the Canary Islands.

461
00:30:16,040 --> 00:30:21,902
The scholarships are 85% co-financed
by the European Social Fund,

462
00:30:22,290 --> 00:30:25,582
and their budget
exceeds 2 million euros,

463
00:30:25,730 --> 00:30:29,493
destined to graduates
in different areas of knowledge.

464
00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:33,804
These grants
are structured in two periods.

465
00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:38,213
The first one as grant,
and the second as internship contract,

466
00:30:38,364 --> 00:30:41,466
according to the Estatuto
Personal Investigador

467
00:30:41,635 --> 00:30:45,490
en Formación, Real Decreto 63/2006.

468
00:30:45,850 --> 00:30:48,444
I wanted to continue
my research career,

469
00:30:49,031 --> 00:30:54,180
and I looked for calls to continue
with a predoctoral fellowship.

470
00:30:54,622 --> 00:30:57,870
I found the grant
from the Canarian Government.

471
00:30:58,088 --> 00:31:02,053
I could continue my research career,
and to do my thesis.

472
00:31:02,613 --> 00:31:06,220
By increasing the quantity
and quality of PhD graduates,

473
00:31:06,426 --> 00:31:12,675
and by focusing efforts to train
candidates at the highest level,

474
00:31:13,262 --> 00:31:18,071
we activate the means to create
and consolidate high-profile firms.

475
00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:26,568
Very good. Thank you very much, Inma.

476
00:31:27,022 --> 00:31:32,213
We are scheduled for next Tuesday.
We'll have Mar Benavides with us.

477
00:31:33,697 --> 00:31:34,800
Okay?

478
00:31:35,022 --> 00:31:40,390
Please, encourage your colleagues
to attend these interesting talks.

479
00:31:42,115 --> 00:31:44,160
Thank you, Avelina.